Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex and multidimensional construct, encompassing both independent objective characteristics (e.g., income or education) and subjective people’s ratings of their placement in the socioeconomic spectrum. Within the growing literature on subjective SES belongingness and psychological well-being, subjective indices of SES have tended to center on the use of pictorial rank-related social ladders where individuals place themselves relative to others by simultaneously considering their income, educational level, and occupation. This approach, albeit consistent with the idea of these (...) social ladders as summative or cognitive SES markers, might potentially constrain individuals’ conceptions of their SES. This research ( N = 368; M age = 39.67, SD = 13.40) is intended to expand prior investigations on SES and psychological well-being by revisiting the role of subjective SES. In particular, it (a) proposes an innovative adaptation of the traditional MacArthur Scale of subjective SES to income, education, and occupation, thus resulting in three separate social ladders; and (b) tests the empirical contribution of such three social ladders to psychological well-being. Overall, our findings showed that the novel education and occupation ladders (excluding the income ladder) are predictive of a significant part of the variance levels of psychological well-being that is not due to canonical objective metrics of SES (i.e., income, education, and occupation), or to the conventional MacArthur Scale of subjective SES. Although preliminary, these results underscore the need to further reconsider (subjective) SES-related conceptualization and measurement strategies to gather a more comprehensive understanding of the SES-psychological well-being link. (shrink)

After the global economic collapse triggered by the Great Recession, there has been an increased interest in the potential psychological implications of periods of economic decline. Recent evidence suggests that negative personal experiences linked to the economic crisis may lead to diminished generalized trust (i.e., the belief that most of the people of the society are honest and can be trusted). Adding to the growing literature on the psychological consequences of the economic crisis, we propose that the perceived personal impact (...) of the economic crisis not only would undermine generalized trust but also may lead to increased interpersonal trust (i.e., directed to specific and close people) and depersonalized in-group trust (i.e., directed to individuals who, while strangers, belong to the same group [e.g., social class]). Across three studies (N = 1379), we tested these central hypotheses and ascertained whether the perceived personal impact of the crisis would predict these types of trust (assessed using questionnaire and behavioral measures) independent of individuals’ socioeconomic status. Non-experimental data from Study 1 revealed that a higher perceived personal impact of the crisis is related to lower levels of generalized trust and higher levels of interpersonal trust. These effects were independent of participants’ socioeconomic status. Non-experimental data from Study 2 replicated the findings obtained in Study 1 and also showed a positive association between the perceived personal impact of the crisis and depersonalized in-group trust. This pattern of results emerged even after controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, age, political orientation, religiosity, and unemployment status. In Study 3, using an experimental design, we found that the salience of a possible economic downturn led to decreased generalized trust and increased interpersonal and depersonalized in-group trust—independently of socioeconomic status—compared with the control condition. These results challenge the conventional wisdom that economic crises invariably undermine trust in others. The implications of the present research as well as future research directions are discussed. (shrink)

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

Ginés Navarro Carrillo, Ana María Beltrán Morillas, Inmaculada Valor Segura y Francisca Expósito Dept. de Psicología Social, Universidad de Granada, … Read More →.

Ginés Navarro-Carrillo Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, y Dpto. de Psicología Social, Universidad de Granada, España La clase … Read More →.

El análisis de la historia de las relaciones entre el anarquismo español y el movimiento neomalthusiano es el principal objetivo de este artículo. Se centra especialmente en el estudio de una conocida publicación libertaria de los años 20: Generación Consciente (Alcoi y Valencia, 1923-1928), que resultó esencial en el proceso de asimilación y difusión por parte del movimiento anarquista español de las nuevas ideas en torno al neomalthusianismo, la eugenesia y la reforma sexual. Generación Consciente —revista eminentemente cultural y científica— (...) realizó un formidable esfuerzo de divulgación popular de la teoría y la práctica del control de natalidad, desde sus postulados libertarios de búsqueda de una vida digna, armónica y feliz para el proletariado. El ideal de la «maternidad consciente» era el principio inspirador de una campaña desarrollada por los principales colaboradores de la revista, entre los que se contaban también importantes médicos y científicos no vinculados al movimiento libertario, como es el caso de Luis Jiménez de Asúa, Gregorio Marañón o César Juarros. (shrink)

Although the American Philosophical Association has more than 11,000 members, there are still fewer than 125 Black philosophers in the United States, including fewer than thirty Black women holding a PhD in philosophy and working in a philosophy department in the academy.1The following is a “musing” about how I became one of them and how I have sought to create a positive philosophical space for all of us.

Introducción -- La verdad lejana : Lévi-Strauss -- Pensamiento en la trinchera : Wittgenstein -- La fuerza del destino : Nietzsche -- El despliegue del Espíritu : Hegel -- El instante frente al despliegue : Kierkegaard -- La imaginación mineral : Novalis -- Filosofía de la sospecha : Kant -- Esencia y formas de la simpatía : Hume -- El primado de la percepción : Berkeley -- La emoción geométrica : Spinoza -- Genio en continuidad : Leibniz -- Ensayo de (...) una vida : Montaigne -- El hombre tranquilo : Tomás de Aquino -- La vida apasionada : Agustín de Hipona -- Emanaciones : Plotino -- Filosofía del caminante : Aristóteles -- La espalda del mundo : Platón --El chamán y el filósofo : Empédocles y Parménides -- En busca del fuego : Heráclito. (shrink)

The key idea behind the diagrammatic approach presented in the paper is that the sophisticated mechanisms of human visual construction also play an important role in natural languages. We propose a diagrammatic representation of English, giving examples, translation rules, and semantics. Special attention will be paid to anaphoric phenomena, in particular, the possibility of a uniform treatment of anaphoric pronouns.

This critical commentary is presented in two parts. The first section, “Intersecting Contracts: Conceptual Interventions and Aims,” provides an overview of Mills's analysis of the racia-sexual contract and the divergent positions of white men, white women, nonwhite men, and nonwhite women. The second section, “Privilege and Patriarchy: Does ‘Race Generally Trump Gender’?,” shows how Mills offers an uneven representation of critiques presented by women of color theorists. For example, he focuses on the critiques of white women, emphasizing the asymmetry between (...) white women and nonwhite men as well as the tensions between white women and nonwhite women. This article also problematizes Mills's claim that “race generally trumps gender” and argues for a more nuanced analysis of nonwhite men's participation in patriarchy and privilege. (shrink)

Take the strong rhetoric! This expression comes to mind as we set in order the ideas and impressions prompted by Sandra Harding’s “An Organic Logic of Research: A Response to Posey and Navarro”.

While acknowledging Hannah Arendt's keen philosophical and political insights, Kathryn T. Gines claims that there are some problematic assertions and oversights regarding Arendt’s treatment of the "Negro question." Gines focuses on Arendt's reaction to the desegregation of Little Rock schools, to laws making mixed marriages illegal, and to the growing civil rights movement in the south. Reading them alongside Arendt's writings on revolution, the human condition, violence, and responses to the Eichmann war crimes trial, Gines provides a systematic analysis of (...) anti-black racism in Arendt’s work. (shrink)

La encrucijada moderna -- El juego de los sentidos -- Ese eres tú -- Lo más íntimo y distante -- Mundo sensible -- Mundo inteligible -- Tercera parte: mundo imaginal -- Epílogo: Cultura mental.

Astrology, its legitimacy, and the limits of its acceptable practice were debated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Many of the related arguments were mediated by the work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and the responses to it. Acknowledging the complexities of the relationship between astrological ideas and Christian teachings, this paper focuses on the Catholic debates by specifically considering the decisions about astrology taken by the Spanish Inquisition. The trials of astrologers are examined with the aim of understanding the role (...) of experts in astrology in early modern Spain. This study brings into view the specific nature of the debate on astrology in Spain, the consequences of the actions of the Inquisition and the social control it exerted. The historical events discussed comprise a particular case and also mirror the general debates about astrology taking place in early modern Europe. The experts’ opinions expressed in trials and in reports about the discipline received by the Inquisition reveal two key traits of the debate: the dispute about who had the authority to decide on the legitimacy of astrology and the disagreement about what constituted natural and judicial astrological practices. These led to different opinions about what was to be done with each defendant and about what content in their books ought to be forbidden. (shrink)

En este artículo se va a analizar el impacto de la correlación entre el fenómeno creciente de la individualización de nuestras sociedades y la proliferación de formas de violencia juvenil. Manifestaciones de lo primero las tendríamos en la reivindicación de la libertad negativa, en terminología de Isaiah Berlin, y en la exaltación del cuidado del yo, entendido en este caso de un modo muy restringido. Expresiones de lo segundo las tendríamos en el fenómeno de la creación de guetos que, a (...) su vez, se ramifica en una pluralidad de escenarios (no necesariamente vinculados a la marginación). La tesis que se va a defender en esta contribución se concreta en la necesidad de fortalecer la dimensión moral del vínculo social, como instancia superadora de formas de organización tecnocráticas que devienen incapaces de trascender un paradigma basado en el individualismo y en el pragmatismo. De hecho, aunque este paradigma técnico-funcional de la vida social se presenta a menudo suavizado por la revalorización de los aspectos emocionales de la vida, el énfasis en las emociones permanece en un plano puramente autorreferencial, limitado al logro del propio bienestar, despreocupado del contenido valorativo implícito en las reacciones emocionales y, por tanto, al margen de las exigencias éticas que en ellas se encuentran anunciadas. (shrink)

En este estudio se presentan las líneas directrices de una investigación que se propone analizar el sentido y el significado que se otorga a los conceptos de “bien común” e “interés general” en la retórica de los poderes públicos de nuestro tiempo. A continuación, trata de dar respuesta al interrogante de si ambos conceptos son perfectamente intercambiables en el debate público o, por el contrario, estamos ante conceptos que proceden de presupuestos antagónicos.

We analyse the relationship between applicability and effectiveness of legal norms from a philosophical perspective. In particular, we distinguish between two concepts of applicability. The external applicability of norms refers to institutional duties; a norm N is externally applicable if and only if a judge is legally obliged to apply N to some case c. Internal applicability refers instead to the sphere of validity of legal norms. A norm N is internally applicable to actions regulated by its sphere of validity. (...) We also explore the consequences of a thesis which maintains that applicability restricts the concept of effectiveness, so that only applicable norms can be considered effective. Our analysis illustrates that a proper reconstruction of the concept of applicability is of great importance not only for understanding the concept of effectiveness but also for providing insight into the nature of law. (shrink)

In this chapter I problematize Beauvoir's analogical analyses in The Second Sex, arguing that her utilization of the race/gender analogy omits the experiences and oppressions of Black women. Furthermore, taking into account select secondary literature that emphasizes these issues, I argue that several of Beauvoir's white feminist defenders and critics share in common their non‐engagement with Black feminist literature on Beauvoir. Put another way, Black feminists who explicitly take up Beauvoir in their writings have remained largely unacknowledged in the secondary (...) literature on Beauvoir by white feminists. As a corrective to this erasure, I highlight the scholarly contributions of Black feminists including Loraine Hansberry, Chikwenye Ogunyemi, Deborah King, Oyeronke Oyewumi, and bell hooks. (shrink)

Dans cette contribution nous interrogerons la notion d’alèthurgie pour vérifier si la critique dont parle Foucault doit passer par une manifestation de la vérité ou s’il est possible d’inclure dans l’alèthurgie des formes de critique qui refusent l’obligation de dire-vrai sur soi-même – ce qu’on désignera comme « alèthurgie négative ». Ensuite, on cherchera dans l’ Ecce Homo de Nietzsche des stratégies de la critique qui au lieu de s’indexer à la vérité semblent suggérer un renversement parodique qui ancre la (...) critique dans des formes autres de vérité. Enfin, sous l’angle de l’alèthurgie négative, on reviendra sur l’opposition entre parrêsia et rhétorique tracée par Foucault pour remettre en question le primat qu’il accorde à la première. (shrink)

Aristóteles establece una relación muy estrecha entre la política y la ética en tanto la política se ocupa del conocimiento del bien supremo y permite asimismo la acción virtuosa, condiciones que llevan a la consecución de la felicidad, que, en definitiva, es el fin de la polis. Así la comunidad política se constituye en la comunidad humana por excelencia, comunidad natural, anterior a toda otra forma de asociación, espacio cívico en el que el hombre alcanza su pleno desarrollo y se (...) constituye finalmente en “animal político”. (shrink)

Analysis of the phenomenon known as racketeering or "bandidismo" framed in a socio-historic context. According to the Real Decree of 1879, that included al1 individuals that committed some breach, including the independent ones. This involved delinquent. thieves, "es-presidiarios", independentists, revolutionary, and the traditional bandits. Here it is analyzed the construction ofthe myth, the summit since 1889, and the reasons why population supported them. It is concluded that the "bandolero insurrecto" legend and the reality met when some bandits embraced the independent (...) ideal. (shrink)

En este trabajo analizo la autonomía y relevancia normativa de las normas permisivas. En especial, mis propósitos principales son revisar dos tesis escépticas: los permisos y las normas permisivas pueden reducirse a otras formas normativas, e.g. derogación de prohibiciones, y no se producen diferencias significativas cuando se permite una conducta que no había sido previamente regulada. Ambas tesis son examinadas en relación a la naturaleza y función del principio de clausura normativa. La conclusión de este trabajo es que las normas (...) permisivas, y en particular las normas de clausura, pueden cumplir una importante función en los sistemas normativos y son una herramienta útil para analizar otros problemas como las lagunas del derecho y la discreción judicial. (shrink)

Resumen En un mundo irreversiblemente globalizado, la ética del desarrollo señala los principales argumentos, conceptos y principios que pueden orientar las políticas de desarrollo en el interior de los países y también en las relaciones internacionales. Desde que nació en los años 60, la ética del desarrollo ha impulsado en gran medida el tránsito desde un concepto de desarrollo inicialmente muy pobre hasta el actual concepto complejo de desarrollo humano sostenible.In an irreversibly globalized world, Development Ethics points out the main (...) arguments, concepts and principles that can guide development policies within countries and also in international relations. Since it was born in the 1960s, Development Ethics has largely driven the transition from an initially very poor development concept to the present complex concept of sustainable human development. (shrink)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are intended to develop, maintain and administrate information using computer systems, communication networks, portable dispositives, etc. In addition to that, this paper deals with ICT’s power to create new contexts: what is called digital ambiences. According to the author the design and even the concept of these intelligent ambiences has problems that have to do both with the use of reasoning and the display of inferential and interpretative processes to interact with the social context in (...) an individual or a collective way. (shrink)

According to robust versions of virtue epistemology, the reason why knowledge is incompatible with certain kinds of luck is that justified true beliefs must be achieved by the agent . In a recent set of papers, Pritchard has challenged these sorts of views, advancing different arguments against them. I confront one of them here, which is constructed upon scenarios affected by environmental luck, such as the fake barn cases. My objection to Pritchard differs from those offered until now by Carter (...) , Jarvis or Littlejohn in that it is based on the claim that cognitive performances may not be properly considered as achievements beyond the scope of the agent’s intentional action—an idea that confers more explanatory power on my argument, and contributes to stregthening links between knowledge and agency. (shrink)